In England, Malcolm and Macduff grieve for Scotland and first speak as if they should only mourn, but Macduff urges action against Macbeth’s rule. Malcolm then tests Macduff’s loyalty by pretending he is full of every vice, including lust and greed, and says he would be worse than Macbeth if he were king. Macduff is horrified, then breaks down over Scotland’s suffering and rejects Malcolm. Malcolm reveals that he was only pretending to protect himself, praises Macduff’s honesty, and says English forces under Siward are ready. A doctor enters, and Malcolm explains the English king’s healing powers. Ross arrives with news that Macduff’s wife, children, and servants have been murdered, and Macduff is overcome with grief.
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